초록
본 연구는 군집분석을 적용하여 학교적응과 자기불일치 수준에 따른 군집유형을 도출하고 그 군집들의 진로특성인 진로적응성, 진로장벽, 진로결정자기효능감의 차이를 분석하였다. 이에 중학생300명을 대상으로 군집분석한 결과 ‘고적응-일치’, ‘교사독립적응-일치’, ‘교사의존적응-미미한불일치’,친구고립부적응-일치‘, ’부적응-고불일치‘ 등 총 5개 군집이 도출되었다. 또한, 각 군집의 진로특성 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 군집1 ‘고적응-일치’는 진로적응 및 진로결정자기효능감이 가장 높으며, 진로장벽을 적게 경험하였다. 군집2 ‘교사독립적응-일치’는 진로적응과 진로호기심이 군집1 다음으로 높았다. 군집3 ‘교사의존적응-미미한 불일치’는 진로관심이 적고 중요타인갈등, 미래불확신 및 직업정보 부족을 나타냈다. 군집4 ‘친구고립부적응-일치’는 가장 낮은 진로관심과 진로호기심을 보였다. 진로장벽의 자신감부족은 군집5 다음으로 높았다. 마지막 군집5 ‘부적응-고불일치’는 가장 낮은 진로적응과 진로결정자기효능감과 가장 높은 진로장벽을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과를 통해 논의점과 제한점을 제시하였다.
This study applied cluster analysis to derive cluster types according to school adjustment andself-discrepancy levels, and analyzed the differences in career characteristics such as careeradaptability, career barriers, and career decision-making self-efficacy. As a result of clusteranalysis on 300 middle school students, a total of 5 clusters were as follows:‘teacher-independence adjustment & consistency’, ‘teacher-independence adjustment &consistency’, ‘teacher-dependent adjustment & minimal discrepancy’, ‘peer-isolated maladjustmentand consistency’, and ‘maladjustment and high discrepancy’. In addition, the analysis results ofthe all career characteristics of each cluster are as follows. Cluster 1, ‘teacher-independenceadjustment & consistency’, had the highest self-efficacy in career adaptation and careerdecision-making, and experienced fewer career barriers. Cluster 2 'teacher-independenceadjustment & consistency' showed the highest level after cluster 1 in career adaptation andcareer curiosity. Cluster 3, ‘teacher-dependent adjustment & minimal discrepancy’, showed lesscareer interest, conflict with significant others, uncertainty about the future, and lack of jobinformation. Cluster 4 'peer-isolated maladjustment and consistency’ showed the lowest careerinterest and career curiosity, and the lack of confidence in its career barriers was the highestafter cluster 5. The last cluster 5, ‘maladjustment and high discrepancy’, showed the lowestcareer adaptation and career decision self-efficacy and the highest career barriers. Based on theresults, the implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
